TGF beta 2 (Transforming growth factor beta 2), an extracellular glycosylated protein, which belongs to the TGF-beta family. TGF-beta regulates key mechanisms of tumor development, namely immunosuppression, metastasis, angiogenesis, and proliferation. TGF beta 2 suppression is a promising therapeutic approach for malignant tumor therapy. The signaling pathway of TGF beta 2/Smad plays an important role in the pathological process in posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery. Silencing Smad2 and Smad3 efficiently blocked the effect of TGF beta 2 on cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix production. TGF beta 2 activation of MEKK3/ERK1/2/5 signaling modulates Has2 expression and hyaluronan (HA) production leading to the induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) events. In addition, the upregulation of the TGF beta 2 level is a common pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains and suggests that it may be closely linked to the development of neuronal death related to AD.