High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I, also known as FCGR1 and CD64, is an integral membrane glycoprotein and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD64 is a high affinity receptor for the Fc region of IgG gamma and functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Receptors that recognize the Fc portion of IgG function in the regulation of immune response and are divided into three classes designated CD64, CD32, and CD16. CD64 is structurally composed of a signal peptide that allows its transport to the surface of a cell, three extracellular immunoglobulin domains of the C2-type that it uses to bind antibody, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. CD64 is constitutively found on only macrophages and monocytes, but treatment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with cytokines like IFNγ and G-CSF can induce CD64 expression on these cells. The inactivation of the mouse CD64 resulted in a wide range of defects in antibody Fc-dependent functions. Mouse CD64 is an early participant in Fc-dependent cell activation and in the development of immune responses.
